Ever drive past this out of place looking gas station next to the Watergate hotel? That's the old 1932 Higgins Service Station (more widely known in recent years as the Watergate Exxon), it is one of Washington's most iconic gas stations.
Gas stations were an entirely new building type at the turn of the century, and oil companies were still experimenting with which architectural styles best suited their business. Two competing approaches emerged early on: Classical and Domestic. For an example of Classical, check out this post about the fancy Embassy Gulf Service Station in Dupont Circle.
Higgins Service Station landscape architecture plan. National Archives image
Domestic style fueling stations first appeared in New York along the Westchester County parkway system. The modest cottage-like buildings drew praise for unobtrusively blending into the parkway landscape. The Higgins Service Station draws from this tradition, with its rough hewn stone facade and slate roof. Nine bay windows and two (non functional) chimneys contribute to the cottage vibe.
The neighborhood around the Higgins Service Station was very different before construction of the monumental Kennedy Center and Watergate Hotel complex.
The area was dominated by industrial buildings operated by companies such as the Krammac & Decker Lime Works (pictured below, at left), the William Smith Lime Works, and the W.H Dyer Planing Mill. The largest building in the area was the castle-like Christian Heurich Brewery, whose smokestacks are visible in the background below on the right hand side.
The Higgins Service Station circa 1935. Historic American Buildings Survey photo
Ownership of the Higgins Service Station passed through three families until it was swallowed up by Exxon sometime after 1992. There is another interesting story about the modern Exxon station and its horrible reputation.
Yelp
According to Freakonomics, "There’s a gas station near the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C. that famously sells very expensive gas. Reporters flock there for the standard sky-high gas price story, and residents have long suspected that the station doesn’t actually want to sell gas."
Jump over to Yelp or Google Reviews and take a look at some of the reviews the Waterfront Exxon has received. They used to be known for charging 50 cents to a dollar more per gallon than the Sunoco station directly across the street.
John Kelly at the Washington Post called it "The worlds most expensive gas station" and went on to suggest that "people in China have heard of this station. People in England."
It turns out that the crazy high prices were the result of a "mortal struggle" between the owner of the station and the company that had a contract to operate it. A complex set of incentives meant that it was in the operator's best interest to minimize the amount of gas sold and focus on their auto repair business. You can read more about the gas war in this NPR investigation.
The Watergate Exxon closed in 2012 and reopened the next year as a Valero under a different operator. Gas prices have normalized.